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CS-500
Carbon
/ Sulfur Determinator |
 Carbon/Sulfur
models
CS-800
, CS-2000
Carbon/Water
model
CW-800
Surface
Carbon model
SC-800 |
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| Overview |
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The
CS-500 incorporates the latest in combustion technology.
It is designed for the rapid simultaneous determination
of carbon and sulfur in coal, coke, oil, ashes, catalysts,
lime, gypsum, soils, rubber, leaves, soot, tobacco,
waste, sand, glass, etc. The CS-500 can be supplied
with up to four independent infrared cells. The sensitivity
of these cells can be customized to meet specific requirements.
The IR-absorption lengths can be individually selected
to offer optimum precision for the analysis of high
and low levels of both, sulfur and carbon.
The CS-500 features a microcontroller, a high temperature
resistance furnace up to 1550°C and solid state infrared
detectors with auto zero and auto range control. Separate
cabinets eliminate any influence of temperature between
the furnace and the analytical unit. This modular design
gives the user flexibility to position the furnace to
the left or right of the analyzer and also allows the
installation of a TIC-module between the two. The modular
design makes servicing much easier compared to single
cabinet analysers. |
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| Analysis
procedure |
The
sample is weighed in a combustion boat on an electronic
balance which is interfaced to the PC. By pressing a
key the sample weight is transferred to the PC. If required,
the sample weight can also be entered manually. The
ceramic boat with the sample is placed on the furnace
platform. The start key is pressed and the analysis
cycle begins. The sample is pushed into the furnace.
At the end of the cycle, the analysis results appear
on the PC screen. |
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PC control with Windows 2000/XP software |
Comprehensive
analyser control and easy operation are provided by the software
running on PC, connected to the analyser.
Click software from
the main menu for more information about software. |
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| Fractional
analysis |
Due
to the fact that free carbon and sulfur burn at lower
temperatures than carbides and sulfates, the CS-500
can separate and measure free carbon, free sulfur and
carbides and sulfates. After inserting the sample in
the combustion boat into the furnace, the boat gradually
heats up. The free carbon and sulfur within the sample
burn first, while carbides and sulfides burn several
seconds later. The peak separation software integrates
the individual peaks and then displays the results at
the end of the combustion. |
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| Infrared
Cells |
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The
infrared cells of the CS-500 do not require any manual
zero adjustments. The zero and sensitivity adjustments
of the infrared cells are permanently and automatically
controlled by the electronics. The detectors utilize
solid state sensors combined with infrared filters.
The sensors are not gas filled, thus eliminating long
term problems due to gas leakage.The CS-500 can be equipped
with up to four independent Infrared Cells. The lengths
of all four cells can be individually optimized to obtain
maximum precision for the target analysis levels of
each customer. Each of the cells can be installed with
infrared absorption lengths ranging between 1 mm
and 320 mm. |
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| Electronic
Flow Controller |
An
essential part of the gas flow system is the electronic flow
controller. This provides a stable gas flow by eliminating
the known disadvantages of mechanical controllers. |
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| Resistance
Furnace up to 1550°C |
The
resistance furnace employs Silicon carbide heating elements.
Full electronic control includes current limitation during cold-start
conditions to promote long element life. A separate sensor is
used to monitor ambient temperature and provide data for automatic
reference point compensation ensuring that furnace temperature
is not affected by fluctuations of ambient temperature. The
furnace requires approximately 10 to 15 minutes to reach operating
temperature. |
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| Combustion
efficiency |
The
design of the resistance furnace boat stop ensures oxygen
carrier gas penetrates into the crucible, ensuring efficient
combustion. This design eliminates the need for fragile
lances and honeycomb boat stops which tend to block
easily with ash. Additionally the boat stop protects
the combustion tube from the aggressive combustion products,
thus extending the life of the tube. The combustion
tube is a simple straight ceramic tube that is robust
and inexpensive to replace. The life expectancy of the
tube is measured in thousands of analyses and not hundreds
as is the case with other analysers. (Protected by German
utility model) |
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A
variety of combustion boats can be used in the furnace,
including the reusable ceramic boats (L=57 mm, W=22mm,
H=13 mm). Porcelain or quartz boats are also an
option. |
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| TIC-module |
Due
to the modular design of the CS-500, a module for Total
Inorganic Carbon (TIC) can be placed between the Resistance
Furnace and the analyzer. For the TIC determination,
the sample is treated with acid in the TIC module. TIC
and total Carbon (TC) can be alternately analyzed without
modifications. For TIC analysis the sample is treated
with acid in an Erlenmeyer flask inside the TIC-module.
The acid decomposes the carbonates in the sample, creating
CO2. The oxygen flow purges the CO2
out of the flask, through to the infrared detector.
TC is determined when the sample is introduced into
the furnace for combustion and IR detection. |
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| Compliance |
The
CS-500 complies to the specifications of the standards:
ISO-10694
ASTM E1915-97, D-1552, D-4239, D-1619
DIN
EN 13137
PN-93
G-04514/17 |
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Next:
CS-500 Specifications |
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